راهکارهای ایجاد تعادل در تعهدات شرکت های چند ملیتی نفتی در قبال دولت های سرمایه پذیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله ترویجی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد حقوق تجارت بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی. (نویسنده مسئول)

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق تجارت بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی.

چکیده

صنایع استخراجی در اکثر دولت های درحال توسعه به دلیل تقاضای روزافزون جهانی برای سوخت های فسیلی، درگیر تضاد
منافع تابعان این عرصه (دولت ها و سرمایه گذاران)می باشد. تلاش هایی برای هماهنگ نمودن و تنوع بخشیدن به فعالیت های
اقتصادی، سیاست های سرمایه گذاری، تقویت حکمرانی، مشارکت بخش عمومی و خصوصی، افزایش آگاهی عمومی و بهبود
استانداردهای کلی از طریق مقررات بین المللی الزام آور و غیر الزام آور در موضوعات فراملی صورت گرفته است که ممکن
است به تعدیل تضاد منافع دولت های تولیدکننده نفت در دولتهای درحال توسعه و سرمایه گذاران خارجی منجر شود.
تحمیل تعهدات مربوط به حفاظت از محیط زیست و حقوق بشر به شرکت های نفتی بین المللی (IOC) از طریق معاهدات
سرمایه گذاری دوجانبه، شفافیت بخشی به معاملات و رفتارهای شرکت های چندملیتی در چارچوب قانونی و عدم اعمال
تبعیض در همه سطوح میان سرمایه گذاران راهکارهایی است که مبتنی بر رویه قضایی و آراء دیوان های داوری دررسیدن
به اهداف مذکور پیشنهاد گردیده است. این نوشتار به بررسی شخصیت حقوقی شرکت های چندملیتی نفتی، چالش های
مطروح ذیل اسناد و مقررات بین المللی پرداخته و درنهایت سازوکارهایی جهت تعدیل این تعهدات میان طرفین ارائه
می نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Solutions to balance the obligations of multinational oil companies towards capitalizing governments

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amir Hossein Zalnejhad 1
  • Ghazal Ramezani Sarbandi 2
1 Master of International Trade Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University. (Corresponding Author)
2 Master's student in International Trade Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Beheshti University.
چکیده [English]

The extractive industry in most developing countries is in conflict with the interests of its subjects (governments and investors) due to the growing global demand for fossil fuels. Efforts have been made to harmonize and diversify economic activities, investment policies, strengthen governance, public-private partnerships, raise public awareness, and improve general standards through binding and non-binding international regulations on transnational issues Which may lead to a moderation of the conflict of interest of oil-producing governments in developing countries and foreign investors. Imposing environmental and human rights obligations on international oil companies (IOCs) through bilateral investment treaties, transparency in the transactions and conduct of multinational corporations within the legal framework, and non-discrimination at all levels among investors are solutions based on judgmental procedure and the opinions of arbitral tribunals in achieving these goals have been suggested. This paper examines the legal personality of multinational oil companies, the challenges posed by international instruments and regulations, and finally offers mechanisms for adjusting these obligations between the parties.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • multinational oil companies
  • Foreign investment
  • bilateral investment treaties
  • human rights
  • the environment

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 08 اردیبهشت 1402
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 08 اردیبهشت 1402

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